Subsequent studied revealed a specific serum fraction was responsible for all attributes of serum – GAMMAįuture studies would reveal the proteins in this fraction were ANTIBODIES Gamma Globulins had an antibody that allowed for transient pass of immunity making them immunoglobulinĪntibody = Immunoglobulin = Gamma Globulin To figure out with was in the serum, ran in electrophoresis found a lglobulin Gamma globulins are the ones with immune function ot of neat proteins like Albumin, alpha, beta, gamma Other early successes involved use of attenuated rabies virusĪpply heat to anthrax culture and grow it under normal conditions, it ifrom before, the animal remains viral s fully virulent but if it is used on the same animal Immunized sheep were resistant to infection Preliminary observations created strong interest in procurement of vaccines for other diseasesĪnthrax was a serious problem –Attempted to immunize with heat attenuated Bacillus anthracis Realized that old cultures were attenuated but conferred immunityĭevelopment of Living Attenuated Vaccines Recovered chickens were now immune to infection with virulent strains Grew fresh cultures, felt cheap, so infected recovered chickens as well as unchallenged chickens Got lazy after a summer vacation and used old culture for experiment Identified and cultivated bacteria that caused ‘fowl’ cholera Same antibodies that bind to small pox adhesions also bind to cow pox adhesions Infected boy with cowpox – developed mild sicknessĭue to antigenic similarity between viruses Milk maid has no fear of smallpox, already contracted cowpox Usually only caused mild disease – Killed about 1 in 50ġ798-Edward Jenner-Milk Maid cowpox story Stemmed from observation that organisms that recovered from disease often could not contract the disease againįirst observation of phenomenon-430BC-People who recovered from plague could safely nurse sickįirst attempt at inducing immunity 1400’s –dried smallpox scabs used to challenge healthy individuals MEMORY RESPONSE: Second exposure elicits stronger and faster response Two functions required –recognition and responseĭetection of foreign substance / organism (bacteria, viruses)ĭetection of altered self (cancer, viral infected cells)ĮFFECTOR RESPONSE: Elimination of foreign substance
Basic immunology abbas notes reddit free#
Risk free form of vaccination (no chance for disease) Not limited to whole organisms, can use portions of organismsĬhallenging person with portion of organism often confers protection against infection Involved in protecting host from itself (cancer)Įxtremely diverse-Mount defense against virtually any invasion Involved in protecting host from foreign substances (bacteria) What is Immunology? -Study of Host Defense System